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Elementary number theory

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  Elementary number theory [ edit ] The term  elementary  generally denotes a method that does not use  complex analysis . For example, the  prime number theorem  was first proven using complex analysis in 1896, but an elementary proof was found only in 1949 by  Erdős  and  Selberg . [77]  The term is somewhat ambiguous: for example, proofs based on complex  Tauberian theorems  (for example,  Wiener–Ikehara ) are often seen as quite enlightening but not elementary, in spite of using  Fourier analysis , rather than complex analysis as such. Here as elsewhere, an  elementary  proof may be longer and more difficult for most readers than a non-elementary one. Number theorists  Paul Erdős  and  Terence Tao  in 1985, when Erdős was 72 and Tao was 10. Number theory has the reputation of being a field many of whose results can be stated to the layperson. At the same time, the proofs of these resu...